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Environmental issues in Vietnam number many, due to the effects of the Vietnam War, as well as the country's rapid industrialization following the economic reforms in 1986 knows as Doi Moi. According to the State of the Environment 2001 published by the government, the main issues are land degradation, forest degradation, loss of biodiversity, water pollution, air pollution and solid waste management.〔(State of the Environment 2001 )〕 More recently, climate change was added as a major concern because Vietnam is considered to be one of the most seriously impacted by climate change according to a World Bank study in 2007.〔Waibel, Michael. 2008. "Implications and Challenges of Climate Change for Vietnam," ''Pacific News'', 29, pp. 26-27, ()〕 The Vietnam Environment Administration, a branch of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), is responsible for environmental issues in Vietnam. At the provincial level, the Departments of Natural Resources and the Environment (DONRE) bear responsibility. Non-governmental organizations, such as the Institute of Ecological Economics, also play a role. ==History== Between 1961 and 1971, U.S military forces dispersed more than 19 million gallons of herbicidal agents over the Republic of Vietnam, including more than 12 million gallons of the dioxin-contaminant commonly known as Agent Orange. Research that studied subsequent effects of the contamination have been comparatively limited.〔http://www.agentorangerecord.com/images/uploads/Stellman1537(2)(1).pdf〕 Data from 2009 totalled the amount of arable land for total land use to be approximately 20 percent, while permanent crops that do not require replanting after harvest total approximately 7 percent of the entire available land.〔http://data.worldbank.org/country/vietnam〕 The people of Vietnam have shown significant growth in development through economic reform plans that were initiated in 1986, known as Doi Moi. The business and agricultural reforms successfully created more than 30,000 private businesses, and poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29 percent of the population from the early 1990s to 2005.〔http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Vietnam.pdf〕 However, reports have shown that due to the significant population growth as a result, protected areas within the environmental sector are often overlooked when nearby land is developed, which creates conflict between area conservation plans versus land development and planning.〔http://www.mekong-protected-areas.org/vietnam/docs/vietnam-pad.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environmental issues in Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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